CAUSES
- 19th century
- Industrial capitalism and Economic Liberalism inequalities
- Bourgeoisie and proletariat
- Improving conditions of middle and upper classes and impoverishment of working class
- Harsh living and working conditions
INDUSTRIAL WORKING CONDITIONS
- Dangerous and unhealthy
-Accidents and injuries were common occurrence due to the unprotected and unsafe way of using machinery
- Exhausting working days
-Child labour
- Free dismissals
- Fines without permissions
- Total lack of rights as association, strike, social insurance or benefits
THE FACTORY ACTS
- In Great Britain
- 1833, Factory acts were passed by the Parliament
- Regulation of Children Labour: schedules, daily work, ages, schooling and not to worj at night.
ORIGINS OF WORKING CLASS POLITICAL MOVEMENTS (1810-1840)
Process run this way:
1st: Proletariat and workers protested against factory owners
2nd: Owners opposed workers' demands, they thought it would be bad for the business
3rd: Owners, as members of the Bourgeoisie, protested against the Government which decided to ban workers associations
4th: workers associations were banned, as a solution working class movements were originated
- 1811: Luddites: violent and hostile against factories and machines
- 1830: Trade Unions: associations of workers, though banned they continued existing
- 1840: Chartists: They demanded political changes to parties and parliaments
LEFT-WING IDEOLOGIES (1850-1876)
Causes:
- Political struggles and working conditions
Left-wing ideologies: Alternatives to industrialism capitalism and class-based society
a) MARXISM
- Predecessor of both Socialism and Communism
- Marx/Engels
- Class Struggle: Oppressed versus oppressor (Historical Materialism)
- The Dictatorship of the Proletariat
- Communism
b) ANARCHISM
- Bakunin
- Ideal Society
- Individual freedom
- Commune based society
- Direct action not through political parties or elections
c) THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL
1864-1876
- Various countries workers organisations
- Promotion of Collective action by workers of the world
- Disagreements between Marx and Bakunin led the International to fail
- 19th century
- Industrial capitalism and Economic Liberalism inequalities
- Bourgeoisie and proletariat
- Improving conditions of middle and upper classes and impoverishment of working class
- Harsh living and working conditions
INDUSTRIAL WORKING CONDITIONS
- Dangerous and unhealthy
-Accidents and injuries were common occurrence due to the unprotected and unsafe way of using machinery
- Exhausting working days
-Child labour
- Free dismissals
- Fines without permissions
- Total lack of rights as association, strike, social insurance or benefits
THE FACTORY ACTS
- In Great Britain
- 1833, Factory acts were passed by the Parliament
- Regulation of Children Labour: schedules, daily work, ages, schooling and not to worj at night.
ORIGINS OF WORKING CLASS POLITICAL MOVEMENTS (1810-1840)
Process run this way:
1st: Proletariat and workers protested against factory owners
2nd: Owners opposed workers' demands, they thought it would be bad for the business
3rd: Owners, as members of the Bourgeoisie, protested against the Government which decided to ban workers associations
4th: workers associations were banned, as a solution working class movements were originated
- 1811: Luddites: violent and hostile against factories and machines
- 1830: Trade Unions: associations of workers, though banned they continued existing
- 1840: Chartists: They demanded political changes to parties and parliaments
LEFT-WING IDEOLOGIES (1850-1876)
Causes:
- Political struggles and working conditions
Left-wing ideologies: Alternatives to industrialism capitalism and class-based society
a) MARXISM
- Predecessor of both Socialism and Communism
- Marx/Engels
- Class Struggle: Oppressed versus oppressor (Historical Materialism)
- The Dictatorship of the Proletariat
- Communism
b) ANARCHISM
- Bakunin
- Ideal Society
- Individual freedom
- Commune based society
- Direct action not through political parties or elections
c) THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL
1864-1876
- Various countries workers organisations
- Promotion of Collective action by workers of the world
- Disagreements between Marx and Bakunin led the International to fail